Richard III is not useful because it is historically incorre essays

Richard III is not useful because it is historically incorre essays Richard is difficult to understand psychologically because, while he is clearly pwer-hungry and sadistic, the deep-rooted motivations for his malevolent hatred are hard to pinpoint. Some critics feel that Richard is not really a fully developed character in the way that Shakespeare's later characters, such as Macbeth or Hamlet, are. Such critics argue that Richard does not possess a complex human psychology but instead recalls a stock character from early medieval drama. Like the "Vice" character of medieval morality pageants, who simply represented the evil in man, Richard does not justify his villainy-he is simply bad. Indeed, Richard, with self-conscious theatricality, compares himself to this standard character when he says, "Thus like the formal Vice, Iniquity, I moralize two meanings in one word" (III.i.8283). We should note that the mere fact that he reflects upon his similarity to the Vice figure suggests that there is more to him than this mere resemblance. Watching Richard' s character, Shakespeare's audiences also would have thought of the "Machiavel," the archetype of the scandalously amoral, power-hungry ruler that had been made famous by the Renaissance Italian writer Niccol Machiavelli in The Prince ( first published in 1532). Bloody though he was, nevertheless, the historical King Richard III was not necessarily more murderous than the kings who preceded or succeeded him. Nor is it likely that he was deformed, as Shakespeare portrays him. Winners, not losers, write history. When Shakespeare wrote this play, Queen Elizabeth I ruled England; Elizabeth was a descendant of King Henry VII, the ruler who overthrew Richard. Thus, the official party line of the Elizabethan era was that Richard was a monster who was not a legitimate ruler of England. It would have been thoroughly dangerous for Shakespeare to suggest otherwise. For a number of decades in the late fifteenth century, England's royal family was l...

The Myth of the Bra Burning Feminists of the Sixties

The Myth of the Bra Burning Feminists of the Sixties Who was it who said, â€Å"History is but a fable agreed upon?† Voltaire? Napoleon? It doesn’t really matter (history, in this case, fails us) because at least the sentiment is solid. Telling stories is what we humans do, and in some cases, veracity be damned if the truth isn’t as colorful as what we can make up. Then theres what psychologists call the Rashomon Effect, in which different people experience the same event in contradictory ways. And sometimes, major players conspire to advance one version of an event over the other. Burn, Baby, Burn Take the long-held assumption, found even in some of the most respected history books, that 1960s feminists demonstrated against the patriarchy by burning their bras. Of all the myths surrounding women’s history, bra burning has been one of the most tenacious. Some grew up believing it, never mind that as far as any serious scholar has been able to determine, no early feminist demonstration included a trash can full of flaming lingerie. The Birth of a Rumor The infamous demonstration that gave birth to this rumor was the  1968 protest of the Miss America contest. Bras, girdles, nylons, and other articles of constricting clothing were tossed in a trash can. Maybe the act became conflated with other images of protest that did include lighting things on fire, namely public displays of draft-card burning. But the lead organizer of the protest, Robin Morgan, asserted in a New York Times article the next day that no bras were burned. â€Å"That’s a media myth,† she said, going on to say that any bra-burning was just symbolic. Media Misrepresentation But that didn’t stop one paper, the Atlantic City Press, from crafting the headline â€Å"Bra-burners Blitz Boardwalk,† for one of two articles it published on the protest. That article explicitly stated: â€Å"As the bras, girdles, falsies, curlers, and copies of popular women’s magazines burned in the ‘Freedom Trash Can, the demonstration reached the pinnacle of ridicule when the participants paraded a small lamb wearing a gold banner worded ‘Miss America.† The second story’s writer, Jon Katz,  remembered years later that there was a brief fire in the trash can- but apparently, no one else remembers that fire. And other reporters did not report a fire. Another example of conflating memories? In any case, this certainly was not the wild flames described later by media personalities like Art Buchwald, who wasnt even near Atlantic City at the time of the protest. Whatever the reason, many media commentators, the same ones who renamed the  womens liberation movement  with the condescending term Womens Lib, took up the term and promoted it. Perhaps there were some bra-burnings in imitation of the supposed leading-edge demonstrations that didnt really happen, though so far theres been no documentation of those, either. A Symbolic Act The symbolic act of tossing those clothes into the trash can was meant as a serious critique of the modern beauty culture, of valuing women for their looks instead of their whole self. Going braless felt like a revolutionary act- being comfortable above meeting social expectations. Trivialized in the End Bra-burning quickly became trivialized as silly rather than empowering.  One Illinois legislator was quoted in the 1970s, responding to an  Equal Rights Amendment  lobbyist, calling feminists braless, brainless broads. Perhaps it caught on so quickly as a myth because it made the womens movement look ridiculous and obsessed with trivialities. Focusing on bra burners distracted from the larger issues at hand, like equal pay, child care, and reproductive rights. Finally, since most magazine and newspaper editors and writers were men, it was highly unlikely they would give credence to the issues bra burning represented: unrealistic expectations of female beauty and body image.

Problems in ethics codes of TV, Radio, and Newspapers Essay

Problems in ethics codes of TV, Radio, and Newspapers (www.journalism.org) - Essay Example In reality however, there are systemic challenges to adhere to this principle. Given that most of the media coverage revolves around information released by government spokespersons, the veracity of the information given cannot be easily verified. For one thing, it is implicitly accepted that any message from government sources is an authentic and accurate one. To question or suspect elected representatives and authorities is not natural to many journalists. Hence, there are practical difficulties in implementing this particular code of journalistic ethic. Further in the code of ethics one finds mention of separating the two distinct functions of news media, namely editorial opinions and factual news reports. The former is an area of subjective judgment and opinion while the latter is supposed to be objective and factual. While this dichotomy is more relevant to the print media, it is also applicable to the radio and television news media as well. Maintaining this dichotomous separation is easier said than done. What one finds in reality though is the imprint of the editorial policies on the process of selecting stories to report. A factual report is not in and of itself a neutral and objective one. Editorial pressures usually decide which stories are picked and which are left. Hence, under the apparent disguise of objectivity and factuality there can be an ideological thrust, which can serve against the interests of the common consumer of the particular news media, be it radio, television or newsprint. Another area of consensus that journalists from various mediums have agreed upon is in the judicious choice of facts and photographs that is published or shown in their reports. This code was accepted on the grounds that blatant truth can sometimes offend or hurt the sentiments of certain communities. But the flip side of this argument is the subtle

Organisations analyse and strategies Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

Organisations analyse and strategies - Essay Example m of politics based on â€Å"adaptive planning† to regulate the rapid and uneven change characterizing the current situation, which embodies an acceptance of pluralism and the surrender of power. (Hammond, 2003, p. 59) Now, what Hammond means here are two aspects of the same situation. By ‘acceptance of pluralism’ he means choice of multiple solutions and whenever there is more than one solution in any organisation, manager has to select one thereby rejecting the rest of them. This creates ‘conflicting situations’ which Hammond has referred to as ‘surrender of power’. This tension between the recognized need for pluralism and the desire for influence or control is absolutely critical to a consideration of the impact of systems thinking, and forms the basis for ‘soft’ approaches within the field. Soft Systems Approach is mostly used in information systems as an instantiation of information technology, where the same information technology can be instantiated in different ways. SSA usage is also highlighted in Management Information Systems, therefore, is that it involves not just information technology, but also its instantiation. There are the rich organisational and political processes whereby a given set of information technology is instantiated and there are the rich organisational and political processes pertaining to the continual managing, maintaining, and changing of the information technology so as to sustain the instantiation. In the same spirit, socio-technical systems theory also make use of SSA thereby making the claim that separate efforts to optimise the technical system alone and the social system alone will not only lead to a global suboptimum, but can even be unfeasible in the first place. Equally, the same information system can be a success in one organisation but a failure in another, while the same organisation can experience success with one information system but failure with another. Hence, on one hand SSA creates

The two junctions Essay Example for Free

The two junctions Essay A thermocouple is a pair of different metals, which produces a thermoelectric effect (e. m. f. ), which is used to sense and measure a difference in temperature. A thermocouple consists of two different metal wires joined together. When there is a temperature difference between the two junctions, a thermoelectric emf is produced. A thermocouple is a source of a temperature dependent emf that can be used to monitor or measure temperatures. When two different metals are connected together, electrons leave one metal and transfer to the other metal, causing a potential difference across the two junctions. This is known as the Seebeck effect. This potential difference occurs because electrons can leave one of the metals more easily than the other so the first metal looses the electrons to become positive and the second metal gains electrons to become negative. If both junctions are at the same temperature, it causes an equal but opposite potential difference at the other junction. If the junctions are at different temperatures, then the potential difference across them can differ, giving rise to a net emf around the circuit. This is what is called as the thermoelectric effect. The metals must be different and for a given temperature, the emf depends on the choice of the two metals. The potential difference is small, of the order of a few millivolts or less. However, the resistance of a thermocouple is generally small. So despite the small potential difference, it will give a measurable current. A problem with working with thermocouples is that it needs a sensitive voltmeter, able to detect a signal of the order of a thousandth of a volt. Too sensitive a detector, and there appears to be no temperature difference. Another problem is the problem of internal resistance of a source. If the thermocouple is connected to a low resistance detector, the potential difference across it may be tiny, because most of the potential difference available is used up in driving a small current through the large internal resistance. Only if the detector has itself a very high resistance is there an appreciable potential difference seen as the output of the sensor. A thermocouple thermometer can be made using two similar wires and a different wire connected together to form two junctions acting in opposition to each other. The free end of each similar wire is connected to a microvoltmeter or to a d.c. Amplifier with a voltmeter connected at its output. One of the junctions is maintained at a constant temperature and the other junction is used as a temperature prob. The meter reading changes according to the difference between the temperature of the probe and the reference junction. The probe is simply a junction between two thin wires and this makes it respond rapidly to change of temperature and has therefore a faster response time in liquid glass thermometer. In addition, because a thermocouple generates an emf directly, it is used widely in control systems.

Gauguin’s Hiva Oa :: Exploratory Essays Research Papers

Gauguin’s Hiva Oa The Tahitian island of Hiva Oa is the place where artist Paul Gauguin chose to live out the remaining years of his life. In The Moon and Sixpence, the narrator describes the place by saying, â€Å"the beauty of the island is unveiled as diminishing distance shows you in distincter shape its lovely peaks†¦for Tahiti is smiling and friendly† (Maugham 160). This is an excellent description of the island, and it is little wonder that Gauguin found solace here. Hiva Oa is on the southern coast of Tahiti and is the most fertile and well known of the Marquisas group of islands, of which there are six. Even today, Hiva Oa retains much of the physical beauty that it did during Gauguin’s stay. Many of the roads are unpaved and the largest tikis in Polynesia are found right on the island. On the cliffs overlooking the village of Atuona is Cavalry Cemetery where Gauguin is buried, along with another famous man, Belgian singer Jacques Brel, who also lived out his life in Hiva O a. In the village is a museum dedicated to the artist’s life and works. Further to the east is Puamau Village, where many of Gauguin’s descendants still live, mostly in the native lifestyle. In The Moon and Sixpence the natives are described as being promiscuous, although the definition may have a different meaning to Westerners than it does to the natives. One of the narrator’s friends describes the artist’s wife as â€Å"a good girl and she’s only seventeen. She’s never been promiscuous like some of these girls—a captain or a first mate, yes†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (Maugham 185). This may have been the norm at the time, and one website describes the philosophy of natives today as â€Å"parents allow young people to live an independent sexual life. Young people choose their partners themselves and they may sleep with anyone they wish to† (Petya). Such an easygoing attitude may be hard for many people to understand, but Gauguin seemingl y fit in quite well. This general good nature is further seen in a general attitude of goodwill toward all people and overall generosity. The natives, especially in Gauguin’s time, were not so much concerned with money and material wealth as in living freely. Households at the time—and this can also be seen sometimes today—consisted of a sleeping house and a cooking house, surrounded by an ua ma, or pit for storing fermented breadfruit could be found.

Hamartia with Respect to Oedipus in the Play ”Oedipus Rex” Essay

Hamartia with respect to Oedipus in the play Oedipus Rex. The tragedy must not be a spectacle of a virtuous man brought from prosperity to adversity: for this moves neither pity nor fear; it merely shocks us; nor again, that of a bad man passing from adversity to prosperity†¦It must concern a man who is not eminently good and just, yet whose misfortune is brought about not by vice or depravity, but by some error or frailty. (The Poetics) In Oedipus Rex, the character of Oedipus is a victim of hamartia, and his particular flaw is hubris. â€Å"Hamartia â€Å"is an Aristotelian term which often finds its usage in Greek tragedies. It is often referred to as a â€Å"tragic flaw â€Å"or â€Å"tragic error†. Aristotle in his work,†Poetics’’described Oedipus Rex a tragedy by Sophocles as a perfect example of the demonstration of the term â€Å"hamartia†. It is hamartia that creates a tragic hero. It is also said to mean missing the mark, or moral deficit or tragic error. Hamartia is what causes the tragic hero to do the opposite of what he intends to do. In case of Oedipus it is his flaw of character or ignorant error that can be said to have led to his downfall. It can be argued that it is not hamartia alone that led to Oedipus’ downfall, the elements of fate, and free will also are ones to be considered but the fact remains that it is the fatal flaw or fatal error or hasty judgement of the character or characters involved that triggers off a set of tragic sequences predestined or not which ultimately lead to a tragic end, and this remains relevant in case of Oedipus Rex. Hubris also seems to be the root cause for most of the actions undertaken by the characters in the drama including Oedipus’ biological parents. In the opening scenes of the play Oedipus comes across as the ideal King, insightful, concerned for his citizens and a man of action. Oedipus chief flaw or hamartia appears to be his â€Å"hubris† or pride. The whole point of tragedy is how faults can undo even good intentions and lead to downfall. Oedipus is considered a great man, the Chorus calls him â€Å"the first of men â€Å". Throughout the play we come across both the good and bad side of Oedipus. He is well intentioned but nonetheless there are hints of pride and narcissism, â€Å"I will bring everything into light’ ’and ironically in the process of doing so in a mentally blind fashion loses his sight physically in the end. In the  opening scenes of the play the audience does see traces of Oedipus’ â€Å"self-glorification, â€Å"I Oedipus whose name is known afar†. His confidence in his own flawlessness is what, paves the way for his downfall, his hubris lies in his innate sense of righteousness, and he thinks himself to be above reproach. Oedipus comes across as impulsive, hasty in judgement and quick to take offense during his heated exchange with Teiresias, his brother-in-law Creon and the old shepherd .It is of importance to note that the Greek title of the play was, Oedipus Tyrannos/ Oedipus the tyrant .It is of significance that the Chorus mentions that it is pride that ‘breeds the tyrant’, â€Å"from castled height pride tumbles to a pit†. They also say that he who walks in ‘his own high-handed way’ will not escape ‘doomed prides’ punishment’. His crimes of patricide and incest although done through ignorance and contrary to his nobility. It can be said that his cardinal sin, pride is what led to his slaying his biological father Laius in the first place, although he was provoked, his volcanic anger and pride is evident because he did not even spare the grooms all except the one who escaped with his life. And such a rash reaction cannot be justified. We come across his arrogance, rash temper and hastiness in judgement. He hurls insults at Teiresias and even accuses him of co-conspiring with Creon without any shred of proof .He goes as far as to taunt his blindness. Oedipus is over confident of his wisdom; he shuns the truth and prophecies of a tried and trusted wise man like Teiresias. Oedipus during his heated exchange with Creon appears as one willing to use his power in a tyrannical fashion, saying that he would rather have Creon dead than exiled. Oedipus exercises a severe lack of judgement his once renowned wisdom is clouded by his pride. The Chorus advises caution yet he takes none. He is quick to take offence. He is seemingly preoccupied with his own nobility and rigid in his quest for the truth. Oedipus ‘blindness to what is plain to the audience is what creates the image of a tragic hero described by Aristotle .Even if we excuse Oedipus ‘actions as those done in ignorance we yet cannot deny that he shuns all well intentioned advice from Teiresias, the Chorus, Jocasta and this is certainly because of his pride which is his case can be said to be his hamartia or that which leads him to his own downfall. Hubris in this play is not one that Oedipus’ alone displays. Pride can also be seen  in this drama in the perspective of the characters trying to evade the oracle which in ancient Greek times would be considered pride in itself because the Gods determined fate and to outwit the Gods wasn’t a wise thing to do in the eyes of the Greek audience. Beginning with Laius and Jocasta getting rid of Oedipus, and later on Oedipus who does not know that he is adopted leaves Corinth to keep from harming his parents. If Oedipus was noble enough to leave his adoptive parents for the sake of the oracle not being fulfilled then he would have been noble enough to keep from slaying Laius had he known that he was his father. The evasion is caused by hamartia however we may see it, as a fatal flaw or hasty judgement, in case of flaw chiefly hubris; pride in trying to avoid what was in store itself led the way for Oedipus ‘tragic end. The tragedy of Oedipus is his pride in his nobility and ability to a certain extent, had he not tried to avoid the divine oracle, he would have remained in Corinth and the oracle may never have been fulfilled .Had he not been prideful and rash in his actions, he would not have slayed Laius out of wounded pride. He is full of self –confidence that makes him blunder consistently. â€Å"I am a child of Fortune, the giver of good and I shall not be shamed †¦Born thus, I ask to be no other man than what I am, and will know who I am.This is an example one of the many fatal flaws of Oedipus. Hence hamartia is a literary tool used to fully measure the consequences of ones actions. Hamartia is what highlights the downfall of a hero and what makes a tragedy a tragedy.

Promoting Cognitive Development Essay

The best thing my family said about me when I was young was how smart I appeared to be. I had been a participant in the elementary school science fair; it always takes place in the spring time of the school year in May- It is a traditional school event. I was only in third grade, I had to be creative and come up with a science project for the science fair. My teacher suggested that all of the students go to the library and research some science books to pick a project. I remember not having a lot of self-esteem, so I did not think I could accomplish the task. I found a short story in a book about a plant without a root, so I decided to grow a plant without a root in an egg shell, my mother helped me put the project together and she was very encouraging and helpful for my self-esteem. My science project was a success and I won first prize. This was one of the best days in my life and my family was so proud of me, they all told me I was very smart and to keep up the good work. They were especially proud because I found the book and made the decision on my own do the project that made me a winner. According to Vygotsky, education should focus on activities that involve interaction with others. Both child–adult and child–child interactions can provide the potential for cognitive growth† (Feldman, page 301). Children develop a sense of competence roughly around age 6 to 12, in their elementary school years; theorists Erik Erikson believes these years are the industry-versus-inferiority stage; these years are very important for children to understand concepts and challenges that are prepared for them by their peers, parents and school. My mother was the person that made me feel so great about myself, as she often did. She put my plant without a root science project on display in our home for all to see, and she just bragged to everyone that came to the house and she was calling people on the phone telling whoever called the house; she was would brag and tell them how smart I was and how proud she was of my winning first place in the school science fair. I had and still have the strangest nickname, my mother named me Toby Margo Barr. But my nickname is Trisha. The story behind having two real names is because my godmother wanted to name me Patricia. My mother decided that Trisha could be my nickname, she really liked Toby and she promised to name me after a Jewish woman that she knew way before I was conceived. She said the woman looked the spitting image of Elizabeth Taylor. I actually very much disliked the name Toby and wished my real name was Patricia; everyone thought Toby was my nick name anyway because it sounds more like a nickname. My family members never told me what I would end up doing or becoming, they valued the fact that I just had to work. My mother wanted me to have an office job, because I took up office practice in high school. I wanted to work in an office setting, but it was hard to accomplish in the small town I grew up and lived in. It was predominately white and there was a lot of prejudices in the town back them. My family would have described me as a good kid; I was mannerly and respectful to others, very disciplined as well when I was a child and adolescent. I remember being afraid a lot and having low self-esteem. I did not like being a dark-skinned person especially in an all white town and school- it also seemed if you were light-skinned life was a little better, I was bullied and teased by both blacks and whites. I started to rebel as a teenager and did what teens do when they are insecure, like smoking pot and cigarettes. This is when my parents would say I gave them grief. My family was concerned I would get in trouble and end up dealing with the law. Elementary-school-age children begin to follow the same sort of reasoning when they seek to understand how able they are. When they were younger, they tended to consider their abilities in terms of some hypothetical standard, making a judgment that they are good or bad in an absolute sense. Children begin to use social comparison processes, comparing themselves to others; Vygotsky‘s approach has been particularly influential in the development of several classroom practices based on the proposition that children should actively participate in their educational experiences. In this approach, classrooms are seen as places where children should have the opportunity to experiment and try out new activities.

The Idea of Political Realism in the International Relations

The Idea of Political Realism in the International Relations Introduction When speaking about international relations, one is to keep in mind that in this aspect the key notion is considered to be the idea of political realism.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on The Idea of Political Realism in the International Relations specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More They say that political realism is mostly associated with liberalism. As far as national politics seems to be based on the authority of law, the characteristic feature of an international politics seems to be injustice, as different states have different views concerning the same ethical norms or standards. When speaking about the roots of the realist tradition, it becomes obvious that at different times the basic points of politics were interpreted differently. For instance, one of the most well-known political theorists Thucydides considered politics as a branch which main aim was to resolve certain moral issues. However, there is a need to point out that the ideas of famous classical political theorist impacted on general features of realism in international relations. Thus, human nature is recognized to be one of the most important points in realism. Nonrecognition of authority seems to be a determinant factor of the outcomes of international politics. So, ‘The lack of a common rule-making and enforcing authority means, they argue, that the international arena is essentially a self-help system. Each state is responsible for its own survival and is free to define its own interests’1. Security as one of the basic issues and the relevance of morality are also recognized to be important elements of realism in international politics. International Relations: Conventions and Challenges When speaking about conventions and challenges in international relations, one is to keep in mind that it is conceptual introduction of global politics, which is to be considered. The most important events of the 2 0th century are also to be touched on.Advertising Looking for essay on international relations? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Thus, it is necessary to remember World War I and World War II, Cold War between the USA and USSR, the appearance of the United Nations and global political economy formation. The above-mentioned events are the primary events the world experienced. Of course, these events impacted on the development of global economy as well as international relations. International relations consist of numerous spheres, including diplomatic, political and educational relations. When speaking about the effects of global communication, which seems to be an integral part of international relations, one is to keep in mind that broad challenges took place. For instance, cultural, economical and technological boundaries were expanded, ‘Economically, separate industries that had developed around each of thes e technologies are combining to service the new multimedia environment through a series of corporate mergers and alliances. Politically, global communication is undermining the traditional boundaries and sovereignties of nations’2. Film industry, computer technologies, photography and many other fields appeared. Marxism, realism, liberalism, postmodernism, and communitarianism were the most widespread schools of the so-called international relations theory. The central objects of international relations were the states, as ‘States decide to go to war. They erect trade barriers. They choose whether and at what level to establish environmental standards. States enter international agreements, or not, and choose whether to abide by their provisions’3. The states are to ‘implement relevant international Conventions, including the harmonization of their domestic legislation with those Conventions, and conclusion of mutual judicial assistance and extradition agre ements’4.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on The Idea of Political Realism in the International Relations specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The most serious global or international challenges include transmitting diseases, climatic changes, hunger, ecological problems, pollutions, etc. The most important International Conventions which were held include ‘an International Conventions for the Suppression of Acts of Nuclear Terrorism and an International Convention for the Suppression of Terrorist Bombings’5. The Conclusion Still, when speaking about communication technologies on the military arena, it becomes obvious what effects of global communication are. For instance, in 550 BC communication and control systems included postal system equipped by relay stations with fresh horseman (Persian Empire); in 500 BC there was postal system manned wazzu by postal runner (Chinese Empire). In 350 BC voice and fire signaling were known (Greek Empire); BC – 476 AD road system from center to peripheries appeared (Roman Empire); in 632 – 1259 AD surface mail by horses and airmail by wazzu pigeon carriers appeared (Islamic Empires). In 1500-1970 print was known (European Empires); 1844-1914 telegraph appeared (British Empire); 1900-1945 radio broadcasting was invented (Competing Empires); 1945-1989, TV, satellites, computers, and the Internet appeared (Bipolar System); 1989 – present Strategic Defense Initiative (Star Wars), Cyborgs appeared (Globalist System). Generally, global challenges facing humanity include sustainable development and climate change, clean water, population and resources, democratization, long-term perspectives, global convergence of IT, rich-poor gap, health issues, capacity to decide, peace and conflict, status of women, transnational organized crime, energy, science and technology, and global ethics6.Advertising Looking for essay on international relations? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More They say that, ‘Smart chemists. Innovative thinking. That’s the key to solving global challenges of the 21st Century’7. Bibliography Global Challenges/Chemistry Solutions. n.d., retrieved  http://jennadavis.stanford.edu/sites/default/files/CNBP_025823.pdf Inventory of International Nonproliferation Organizations and Regimes. Draft  Comprehensive Convention on International Terrorism. Center for  Nonproliferation Studies, 2010. Retrieved  http://cns.miis.edu/inventory/pdfs/intlterr.pdf Inventory of International Nonproliferation Organizations and Regimes. International  Convention for the Suppression of Terrorist Bombings. Center for  Nonproliferation Studies, 2010. Retrieved  http://cns.miis.edu/inventory/pdfs/bomb.pdf Korab-Karpowicz, J. Political Realism in International Relations. Stanford: Stanford  Encyclopedia of Philosophy, 2010, p. 1. Retrieved  http://plato.stanford.edu/entries/realism-intl-relations/ Lake, D. The State and Internationa l Relations , n.d., p. 1. Retrieved  http://dss.ucsd.edu/~dlake/documents/LakeOxfordStateessayreview.pdf Tehranian, M. Clobal Communication and International Relations. The International  Journal of Peace Studies, 1996, p. 1. Retrieved  gmu.edu/programs/icar/ijps/vol2_1/Techrenian.htm The Millennium Project. Global Challenges for Humanity. 2010, retrieved  millennium-project.org/millennium/challenges.html Footnotes 1 J Korab-Karpowicz, Political Realism in International Relations. Stanford: Stanford  Encyclopedia of Philosophy, 2010, p. 1. 2 M Tehranian, Clobal Communication and International Relations. The International  Journal of Peace Studies, 1996, p. 1 3 D Lake, The State and International Relations , n.d., p. 1 4 Inventory of International Nonproliferation Organizations and Regimes. Draft  Comprehensive Convention on International Terrorism. Center for  Nonproliferation Studies, 2010 5 Inventory of International Nonproliferation Organizations and Regimes. Inte rnational  Convention for the Suppression of Terrorist Bombings. Center for  Nonproliferation Studies, 2010 6 The Millennium Project. Global Challenges for Humanity. 2010, retrieved  millennium-project.org/millennium/challenges.html 7 Global Challenges/Chemistry Solutions. n.d., retrieved  http://jennadavis.stanford.edu/sites/default/files/CNBP_025823.pdf

Cadmium Facts - Periodic Table

Cadmium Facts - Periodic Table Cadmium Atomic Number 48 Cadmium Symbol Cd Cadmium Atomic Weight 112.411 Cadmium Discovery Fredrich Stromeyer 1817 (Germany) Electron Configuration [Kr] 4d10 5s2 Word Origin Latin cadmia, Greek kadmeia - ancient name for calamine, zinc carbonate. Cadmium was first discovered by Stromeyer as an impurity in zinc carbonate. Properties admium has a melting point of 320.9Â °C, boiling point of 765Â °C, spcific gravity of 8.65 (20Â °C), and a valence of 2. Cadmium is a blue-white metal soft enough to be easily cut with a knife. Uses Cadmium is used in alloys with low melting points. It is a component of bearing alloys to given them a low coefficient of friction and resistance to fatigue. Most cadium is used for electroplating. It is also used for many types of solder, for NiCd batteries, and to control atomic fission reactions. Cadmium compounds are used for black and white television phosphors and in the green and blue phosphors for color television tubes. Cadmium salts have wide application. Cadmium sulfide is used as a yellow pigment. Cadmium and its compounds are toxic. Sources Cadmium is most commonly found in small quantities associated with zinc ores (e.g., sphalerite ZnS). The mineral greenockite (CdS) is another source of cadmium. Cadmium is obtained as a by-product during treatment of zinc, lead, and copper ores. Element Classification Transition Metal Density (g/cc) 8.65 Melting Point (K) 594.1 Boiling Point (K) 1038 Appearance soft, malleable, blue-white metal Atomic Radius (pm) 154 Atomic Volume (cc/mol) 13.1 Covalent Radius (pm) 148 Ionic Radius 97 (2e) Specific Heat (20Â °C J/g mol) 0.232 Fusion Heat (kJ/mol) 6.11 Evaporation Heat (kJ/mol) 59.1 Debye Temperature (K) 120.00 Pauling Negativity Number 1.69 First Ionizing Energy (kJ/mol) 867.2 Oxidation States 2 Lattice Structure Hexagonal Lattice Constant (Ã…) 2.980 Lattice C/A Ratio 1.886 References: Los Alamos National Laboratory (2001), Crescent Chemical Company (2001), Langes Handbook of Chemistry (1952), CRC Handbook of Chemistry Physics (18th Ed.) Return to the Periodic Table Chemistry Encyclopedia

With reference to the UK, examine and discuss the methods open to a Essay - 1

With reference to the UK, examine and discuss the methods open to a government to control the rate of inflation within an economy - Essay Example According to the Office for National Statistics (ONS) inflation in the UK rose to 2.2 per cent in January 2008, 0.2 per cent above the governments two per cent target. Retail price index (RPI) inflation rose to 4.1 per cent in January, up from four per cent in December. Although rising utilities bills and an increase in producer price index (PPI) inflation will keep upward pressure on inflation, the drop in demand for consumer products - such as clothing, footwear and electricals - seen in January could offset the higher food and fuel prices, analysts believe (Office of National Statistics 2008). Balancing the state budget is viewed by the economists as the way to help ease inflation. More efficient way is to keep the state budget ath the surplus and to hold expenditures at a low level. Budget can also be balanced by cutting taxes, and then trimming expenditures enough to make outgo match income. Tight money is probably the anti-inflationary weapon that is most widely used by capitalist economies today all around the world. By tight money it is meant holding down the ability of banks to make additional loans, so that household or businesses borrowers find it much more difficult--and much, much more expensive--to take out a loan. Tight money certainly slows down the pace of economic buying and producing. To a lesser extent it also slows down inflation, although there is no iron law that says prices must fall just because less is being produced or bought. Mainly the result of tight money is to intensify competition in a sluggish business setting, and that may bring prices down or stop them from going up: the bargains in air fares may be an example of this. The difficulties with tight money are is that the impact of credit stringency is very uneven--dealing serious blows, even death blows, to small business; leaving big business, with its powerful credit sources, relatively unscathed. Another problem is

Man vs Nature in Hawthornes The Birthmark and Jack Londons To Build a Essay

Man vs Nature in Hawthornes The Birthmark and Jack Londons To Build a Fire - Essay Example The point is that although man cannot hope to overcome nature, some men are foolhardy enough to try. Such men usually get adequate warning and advice, and if they choose to ignore these, they are doomed. Hawthorne reveals that some scientists of Aylmer's time believed that they could rob the secret of creation from Nature, but he only wonders whether "Aylmer possessed this degree of faith in man's ultimate control over Nature." Anyway, Aylmer is so blinded by his learning that he believes that he can correct an error of Nature. The 'error' referred to is nothing more than a tiny birthmark on the otherwise perfect face of his beloved wife Georgiana. Aylmer has been warned in a dream that an attempt to remove the mark could place the life of his beloved in danger. Yet, led on by his confidence in his skills and the power of Science, or pulled by Fate, Aylmer decides to remove the birthmark. Georgiana supports her husband in this experiment because she prefers even death to the possession of a face that could 'shock' or disgust her husband. She has great faith in her husband's knowledge and abilities. When he assures her that he could remove the birthmark, she encourages him, without o f any thought of the danger to herself. Aylmer is assisted in the operation by Aminadab, who with "his vast strength, his shaggy hair, his smoky aspect, and the indescribable earthiness that incrusted him . . . seemed to represent man's physical nature; while Aylmer's slender figure, and pale, intellectual face, were no less apt a type of the spiritual element." The man of earth appears wiser, however, than the man of spirit when he mutters to himself, "If she were my wife, I'd never part with that birthmark." Aylmer receives two more warnings of disaster. Two scientific experiments with which he tries to divert his pretty wife before the major operation backfire. Still, he does not wish to give up. Nobly encouraged by his wife, he persists with the operation. The dose he gives her is strong enough to remove the imperfection from her face. When Georgiana wakes, Aylmer rejoices at the sight of his pretty wife with her new, perfect face. Alas, as all the 'imperfection' leaves Georgiana's body, her soul leaves the world alon g with it. Aylmer remains alone and solitary, to think about the limitations of his intellect and his understanding in contrast with the profound depths within which Nature hides her secrets. London's human character in "To Build a Fire" is not given a name-he is only referred to as "the man", perhaps suggesting that he could represent all men, or many men. His weakness is to be found in his lack of 'imagination', and in his confidence in the powers of his physical strength. "He was quick and alert in the things of life, but only in the things, and not in the significances." He was a newcomer in the cold land and it was his first winter there. Yet, instead of listening to the voice of wisdom and experience, he rejects the advice of an old traveler never to go out in the freezing cold. The thought of fifty degrees below zero brought to his mind the picture of something "cold and uncomfortable, and that was all:" It did not lead him to meditate upon his frailty as a creature of temperature, and upon man's frailty in general, able only to live within certain narrow limits of heat and cold; and from there on it did not lead him